Who Is Responsible for Designing a Scaffold? Understanding the Roles
We all know it. Scaffolding is the temporary structure that supports the construction work at heights, keeping the work environment hazard-free for workers.
However, designing a large scaffolding is critical and requires an in-depth understanding of structural engineering. That raises the question- whose responsibility is it to design a scaffold?
To find the answer, we take a closer look at the scaffold design process.
Different Scaffold Designers: Different Projects
Over time, to meet the needs of different projects, scaffolding has evolved into various forms. For smaller projects, the scaffold design is often done by the scaffolding contractor or a qualified foreman. In the case of larger and more complex projects, a qualified architect or an engineer supervises the design process.
Note that the process needs the involvement of other stakeholders including the workers. The responsibility of ensuring that the scaffolding is installed in line with the design recommendations falls on the site manager.
A quick breakdown of types of scaffolding designs will help you understand who should design a scaffold.
System Scaffolding
Often called modular scaffolding, system scaffolding consists of pre-engineered components- both horizontal and vertical. This system has excellent flexibility and can be used in diverse projects. The other advantage is the high load-bearing capabilities of the components.
Since the components are prefabricated with fixed connection points, installation is quick. Besides, the workers do not need any special training to connect the structures.
Experienced scaffolding designers or engineers with knowledge of the local safety standards design system scaffolding. The engineer also supervises any modifications needed for the scaffolding to adapt to specific site conditions.
Frame and Brace Scaffolding
This type of scaffolding is commonly used for building construction, The frame is made from square or rectangular tubes supported by cross braces. The design is adaptable and provides a robust structure without compromising safety.
However, the welded tubes used are bulkier compared to the lightweight components of system scaffolding. Then again, this is not the best option when the scaffolding has to be placed around a circular or odd-shaped structure.
For smaller projects, an experienced scaffolding contractor may design this scaffolding. For complex projects, the design gets certified by a qualified engineer who analyzes the load requirements.
Shoring
Technically speaking, shoring is not the same as scaffolding. Shoring is a temporary assembly of heavy-duty steel or timber components, but not for supporting workers. The main purpose of these vertical components is to support heavy concrete slabs and bridge sections.
There are various forms of shoring. For some projects, steel H or I beams are dug into the ground to support the loads. In others, an interlocking system of piles is used for clay soil or near water bodies.
The shoring design needs the utmost attention to safety. The supporting members need to be analyzed by a structural engineer after taking into account ground conditions, load factors, and environmental conditions.
Trash Chutes
Trash chutes are an excellent solution for removing rubbish or debris from heights. This is a temporary tubular structure mounted vertically on the outside of the building and made from steel or plastic.
Generally, the scaffolding contractor designs trash chutes, or the process is supervised by a team with experience in waste management solutions. Some chutes are integrated with the scaffolding structure. Then it needs approval from an engineer who can review the design and declare it safe for workers.
The Importance of Proper Scaffolding Design
Falls from a height and lack of fall protection or arrest systems are major causes of fatalities in a construction site. That makes proper scaffolding a non-negotiable component of any construction project.
Scaffolding allows workers to move safely at heights and transport tools and materials in a safe manner as well. Think of it as a safety net for workers in a construction site. Reducing accidents on the site will also help you stay away from legal liabilities.
Besides, it has other advantages. The specially tailored scaffolding improves work efficiency and reduces project delays. With the help of scaffolding, workers can move around freely, ensuring precise finishes, even in areas that are difficult to reach.
Issues with Scaffold Design
While scaffolding is essential, it can be a safety hazard in itself when some points are not considered. Take a look.
- Without a proper design, the scaffold structure might collapse – a nightmare for any project. Proper scaffolding assembly by following the guidelines is critical.
- Choosing the right scaffolding material is important. Aluminum and steel are the common choices, and the engineer needs to make the right choice based on the site demands.
- It is important to provide proper scaffolding safety training to the workers. They should learn to identify the associated risks and make the best use of fall protection equipment.
- Keeping track of the scaffolding budget without ignoring the safety aspects can be a challenge. However, it is essential for saving time and costs.
The Steps of Proper Scaffolding Design
Pre-fabricated scaffoldings are generally based on a standard configuration with load limits. Otherwise, correct scaffolding design is a step-by-step process carried out by a competent person.
Design
To start with, the strength and stability calculations for the scaffolding need to be done. For this, all parameters are considered; especially if you use ladders with scaffolding at a construction site, which further complicates the structure.
This requires all the relevant information like purpose, height and dimensions, bearing capacity of the ground, and the loading requirements of the scaffold. Based on these, the structural load calculations and stress analysis are done.
The next step is to select the type of scaffolding and the materials. Then, the configuration of the scaffolding – bay length and width, type of platforms, etc. – is determined. Lastly, the scaffolding designers prepare detailed drawings, including the connection details.
Erection
Trained workers can complete a scaffolding setup in a few easy steps. Before erection, all connections are checked, and the ground is inspected. Firstly, the base plates and ground anchors are assembled, followed by the connection of the vertical frames. Next, the bracings get connected to provide stability to the structure.
Once the framework is ready, the platforms and ladders are installed along with the toe guards and guard rails. The scaffold is connected to the building structure by using tie-ins at regular intervals. Finally, all connections are double-checked to ensure safety.
Inspection
Daily inspection of the scaffold is needed to ensure that there are no loose or damaged components. Any damage or instability should be repaired or rectified immediately. Using lubricants is necessary to prevent the exposed components from rusting. Make sure to avoid incorrect loading or storage as these can affect the structure’s stability.
OSHA Requirements for Scaffolding Design
The OSHA standard 3150 set detailed guidelines for scaffolding structures. The OSHA standard 1926.454 specifies the training qualifications for a scaffold inspector.
OSHA has clearly defined the role of a competent person fit for scaffolding work. It also specifies all necessary technical parameters for scaffolding work. For example, the scaffold and its components should be able to bear ‘’at least 4 times the maximum intended load.”
The other standard used as a guideline for safety requirements for scaffolding is the ANSI/ASSP A10.8-2019. Dale Lindemer, chair of the A10.8 committee mentions – “Every scaffold should be designed by a qualified person who can perform the analysis needed to ensure that it’s designed properly.”
Final Thoughts
Hope that answers the question – who is responsible for designing a scaffold?
Knowing the right process for scaffold design in line with the OSHA guidelines is vital for any project. Apart from the designers, the other stakeholders of the project – the project managers, the safety officer, and the workers- take part in the process as well.
To find the right scaffolding for your project needs, check out our scaffolding selection!